Improvement in hand-looms



UNITED STATES PATENT OrricE.

JOHN G. `CTAI-tRE'ISON,A OF SALEM, IOWA.

IMPROVEMENT IN HAND-Looms..

'Specification' forming part oi' Letters Patent No."4l,l90. dated January 19, 18154.

ing had tothe annexedA drawings, making a partiof this specification, in which- Figure 1 is a side elevation showing the in sideA of the frame. of the left side of the loom,

` the'v 'right side being removed 'the better to show the treadl'e and the manner of connect-A ing it to the breast-beam vand to the lay in the proper manner by a link extending from the body of the lay to thetreadle; also, the man-y ner of connecting the sword of .the lay to a projection of the loom-frame. e This projection isbetter shown-'at M, Fig: 6,'-an'd'th'e sword'is seen at S, Fig. 6. Fig'. 2 is a top view of the treadle and arm, showing the slot 'in which the link plays, and the mortise r, in which the pendants work. Fig. 3 is the reverse side of the treadle, or left side as you face the loom, and shows the link h,`the arm P, the pawl O, and thelug Y. Fig. 4 shows a pair of harnesshshafts, (marked W,) to which is attached one of' the pendants, (marked'L.) Fig. 5 is the roller. Figa 6 is a 'perspective view oi' the loom-frame -adapted to my mode of shedding .the web, and the better to show some parts not so clearly portrayedin Fig. 1.- y

e nature o'f my improvements in looms is a new device for the purposel of shedding the 'web' without cords or "straps, either to draw 1 down or to elevate the harness-shafts, but by communicating a positive up-anddown motion to one treadle by means ofy a connecting link from the body of the lay to the treadle, so that at the backward vibration of the lay the treadle will be suicientl y depressed, and at the forward vibration will be duly elevated for the purpose, and then communicatingthat motion to the harnessshafts by the use of the pendants, which are operated on and made to change the 4:shed by means of a revolving roller connected wi th the treadleand made to revolve by its-action, one-fourth of a revolution at each backend-forward vibration ot' the lay, and which at every fourth of its revolution acts on different pendant or pendants, so as to bring them in contact with the pawl, and

by its action to elevate one or more pair of harness shafts, while those not so acted on by the roller are drawn down by the downward motion ot' the treadle, thus producing a shed in the web by the action ofthe lay in its backward and forward vibration, and avoiding-the great inconvenience arising from the stretching or breaking'of cords or straps, so that by a link connecting the body of the llay to one treadle the backward andforward motion of the lay wllcause the treadle to vibrate up and down certainly and positively, and then, by supplying the device of the "roller and pendants, above mentioned, all the 11ecessary motions may be communicatedv to the harnessshatts required in Aweaving either plain cloth or many kinds of twilled goods.

To enable others skilled in the art to make and use my invention, I will proceed to describe its construction and operation, referring to the drawings Aby letter. v

A A, Fig. 1, is the left side ofthe loom-frame, into which are framed the legs B` B by halving and dovetailing, or any other suitable way, and securing by screw-bolts, it' need be. The sides are framed together by a brace, (marked E, Fig. l.) A mortisfe to receive one end of this brace is seen at E, Fig. 6. This brace is used as an attachment for the lug Y, which is there so pivoted as to havea slightly swinging motion back and forward. This is to adapt it to the endwise motion of the arm P, Figs. 1, 2, and 3, vwhich is'bolted to one end of the treadle G and supported by the lug Y in the middle, while the other end of the treadle is pivoted at g in the breast-beam in such a manner that when the lay vibrates backward the link h, Figs. 1 and 3, bears down on the treadle and one end of `the arm, which is supported in the middle by the lug Y. The other end must rise', and on this end I fix the pawl O, Fig. 3, bolted on somewhat loosely to admit of its conforming itsvmotions to suit theguides t t, Fig. 3, between which it plays. The roller, Fig. 5, is proportioned as shown in the gure, having small metal `iournals at each 'end to insure its revolving easily and cerf tai'nly, for upon the certainty of the revolvingof this roller depends the certainty of a different shed at'each backward vibration ofthe lay. This roller is made to revolve on its axis by the action of two( springs and a jack, one called the inninspring, seen at b, Fig. l, and

2 lying on thejack K, Fig. 1,nca'r d.- Overand on top of this is seen the feather-spring C, Fig. 1, a light spring, and used only to impart a slight rotary motion to the rollersay onetenth of a revolution-by impinging on one corner of the square part of `the roller when raised out ot' the groove in the treadle, into which the mainspring drives it by its action on the jack, whichis seenpivoted at e.Fig.2, in the treadle. A strap or cord extending from the lower end of the jack and made fast at X on the brace E, Fig.' 1, if 'of the proper length, will' tighten as the treadle goes down and draw the lower end ofthe jack far enough out to bring the roller entirely out ot the groove, whenthe feather-spring rolls it about onetenthof a revolution on its axis, or so far that upon the forward motion of the lay, when the strap loosens andthe mainspring endeavors to drive the roller back into the groove by pressing on the jack.` One corner Aof theroller comes in contact with one side 4of the groove and, being pressed in, completes one-fourth of a revolution.- y

The pendant L, Fig. 4niay bemade of hard wood or metal, proportioned as seen in the figure, with one shoulder adapted to drawing the harness down and another adapted to raising them up, while to the loner, end ofthe pendant I attach the light spring n, Fig. 4, the loose end ef which extends nearly up to the lower Ishoulder ofthe pendant.

The operation Iot' lthe invention may be as follows At the back ward vibration ot' the layV the linl't k,-Figs. 1 and. 3, extending from the lay to thel teadle, which is hinged at g to the .breast-beam C, Figs. 1 and 6, so bears down,

the warp,down to llie smootly on the 'shuttlel track, and on the forward vibration to raise the treadle just so high that'at the time the lling-yarn is beatup that the warp will be on a direct line from the breast-beam C and the mid-beam, D, Figs. 1 and 6, (its proper position when at rest,) preparatory to a change tomake another she'd in the web. Fig.4 shows a pair of harness-shafts with the pendant L attached to the lower shaft by means of a strap of iron passing over and around the shat'tbetween the ends of which the pendant is secured 'by r'bolt or rivet so loosely7 as to play crosswise of the loom or inthe direction ofthe harness shafts. The shoulders of lthese pendants being acted on by the descending treadle, descend with it, while any pendants pushed off from and disconnected with the treadle by the impinging of the .projections or `pins in the roller, must have the other shoulder come inv contact with the pawl and be raised up, thus making a'shed in ,the web for the shuttle to pass through. If two or mor'e'harnessshafts are required to be raised up atthe same timefor any particularkind of goods to be woven, you

only have to put as many pins in that' side of the roller as you wish harness raised, when the roller presents that side to the pendants. 'So by varying the number tf pins and their position in the roller, plain cloth and many kinds ot' twilled goods may be produced.

What I. claim as `myinvention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

1. yIn a loom, opera-ted by one treadle only, `the-connecting the lay and treadle together by a link -in such a manner that the back and forward motion of l'the lay will impart to the treadle a positive up and-down motion suited to thepupose of elevating and depressing the vharness properlyin making'a shed in the web for the shuttlefo pass throughin weaving.

2. The combined action of the roller and pendants, as above described, for the purpose of changing the shed in such ainanner as to produce either plain or twilled goods, and vto be used'either in hand or power looms.

JOHN'G. GARRETSON.

Witnesses EDM. F. BROWN, J. B. WoonRUnn 

